OPDM2 GIPC1

Disease ID
OPDM2
Gene ID
GIPC1
Updated
Dec 31, 2025
v2.14.0
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Disease

Name
Oculopharyngodistal myopathy type 2
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant
Description
Ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, facial weakness, and pharyngeal and distal limb weakness1 ; Slowly progressive distal weakness, ophthalmoplegia, facial and bulbar weakness2 .
Prevalence
Population dependent; presumed rare. Predominantly found in individuals of East Asian ancestry1 .
Age of Onset(Typical)Years14  7020  34
Age of Onset Details
Typical: 20-343 ; Range: 143 - 704 .

Locus

Details
Benign repeats range from absent5 to 326 , while pathogenic alleles range from 73-164 repeats1,6 . Intermediate alleles have undetermined significance but may represent a phenotypic spectrum3 . Interruptions documented: CGA7 . Interruptions proposed but not confirmed in primary literature: TCG/CCT/TTG8 .
Mechanism
LoF/GoF?
RNA mediated toxicity hypothesized9 , still unknown10 .
Year
20203
Location in Gene
5' UTR
Gene Strand

Alleles

Ref. Motif
CCG
Pathogenic (ref.)
CCG
Pathogenic (gene)
CGG
BenignPathogenicUnits0  3273  164

gnomAD

References

Direct supporting references for info on this page.

1
Neurological disorders caused by novel non-coding repeat expansions: clinical features and differential diagnosis.
Elisa,Vegezzi, Hiroyuki,Ishiura, D Cristopher,Bragg, David,Pellerin, Francesca,Magrinelli, Riccardo,Currò, Stefano,Facchini, Arianna,Tucci, John,Hardy, Nutan,Sharma, Matt C,Danzi, Stephan,Zuchner, Bernard,Brais, Mary M,Reilly, Shoji,Tsuji, Henry,Houlden, Andrea,Cortese
The Lancet. Neurology · 2024-07-01
pmid:38876750
2
Repeat expansion disorders.
Zhongbo,Chen, Huw R,Morris, James,Polke, Nicholas W,Wood, Sonia,Gandhi, Mina,Ryten, Henry,Houlden, Arianna,Tucci
Practical neurology · 2025-05-15
pmid:39349043
3
Expansion of GGC Repeat in GIPC1 Is Associated with Oculopharyngodistal Myopathy.
Jianwen,Deng, Jiaxi,Yu, Pidong,Li, Xinghua,Luan, Li,Cao, Juan,Zhao, Meng,Yu, Wei,Zhang, He,Lv, Zhiying,Xie, LingChao,Meng, Yiming,Zheng, Yawen,Zhao, Qiang,Gang, Qingqing,Wang, Jing,Liu, Min,Zhu, Xueyu,Guo, Yanan,Su, Yu,Liang, Fan,Liang, Tomohiro,Hayashi, Meiko Hashimoto,Maeda, Tatsuro,Sato, Shigehisa,Ura, Yasushi,Oya, Masashi,Ogasawara, Aritoshi,Iida, Ichizo,Nishino, Chang,Zhou, Chuanzhu,Yan, Yun,Yuan, Daojun,Hong, Zhaoxia,Wang
American journal of human genetics · 2020-05-14
pmid:32413282
4
5' UTR CGG repeat expansion in GIPC1 is associated with oculopharyngodistal myopathy.
Jianying,Xi, Xilu,Wang, Dongyue,Yue, Tonghai,Dou, Qunfeng,Wu, Jun,Lu, Yiqi,Liu, Wenbo,Yu, Kai,Qiao, Jie,Lin, Sushan,Luo, Jing,Li, Ailian,Du, Jihong,Dong, Yan,Chen, Lijun,Luo, Jie,Yang, Zhenmin,Niu, Zonghui,Liang, Chongbo,Zhao, Jiahong,Lu, Wenhua,Zhu, Yan,Zhou
Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021-03-03
pmid:33374016
6
Resources for Genetics Professionals — Genetic Disorders Caused by Nucleotide Repeat Expansions and Contractions
Stephanie E.,Wallace, Lora JH,Bean
GeneReviews® [Internet] · 2022-10-20
genereviews:NBK535148
7
Comprehensive genetic diagnosis of tandem repeat expansion disorders with programmable targeted nanopore sequencing.
Igor,Stevanovski, Sanjog R,Chintalaphani, Hasindu,Gamaarachchi, James M,Ferguson, Sandy S,Pineda, Carolin K,Scriba, Michel,Tchan, Victor,Fung, Karl,Ng, Andrea,Cortese, Henry,Houlden, Carol,Dobson-Stone, Lauren,Fitzpatrick, Glenda,Halliday, Gianina,Ravenscroft, Mark R,Davis, Nigel G,Laing, Avi,Fellner, Marina,Kennerson, Kishore R,Kumar, Ira W,Deveson
Science advances · 2022-03-04
pmid:35245110
8
Sequence composition changes in short tandem repeats: heterogeneity, detection, mechanisms and clinical implications.
Indhu-Shree,Rajan-Babu, Egor,Dolzhenko, Michael A,Eberle, Jan M,Friedman
Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024-03-11
pmid:38467784
10
Clinical and neuroimaging review of triplet repeat diseases.
Ryo,Kurokawa, Mariko,Kurokawa, Akihiko,Mitsutake, Moto,Nakaya, Akira,Baba, Yasuhiro,Nakata, Toshio,Moritani, Osamu,Abe
Japanese journal of radiology · 2022-09-28
pmid:36169768

Additional Literature

Additional literature related to this locus.

Raw PubMed search results
(All PubMed results returned by searching for this gene, tandem repeats, and disease, in medline format)

Translation of GGC repeats into a toxic polyglycine protein in oculopharyngodistal myopathy type 2.
Kexin,Jiao, Xinyu,Chen, Mengye,Cao, Jialong,Zhang, Xingyu,Xia, Xinyu,Gu, Xilu,Wang, Huahua,Zhong, Dongyue,Yue, Mingshi,Gao, Nachuan,Cheng, Sushan,Luo, Wenbo,Yu, Weijun,Pan, Chongbo,Zhao, Tao,Wang, Wenhua,Zhu, Jianying,Xi
Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025-10-22
pmid:41121761
CGG repeat expansions in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: insights from the 100 000 Genomes Project.
Alessandro,Bertini, Stefano,Facchini, Ilaria,Quartesan, Riccardo,Currò, Ricardo Parolin,Schnekenberg, Natalia,Dominik, Gustavo,Alves, Lucia,Ferullo, Arianna,Tucci, Henry,Houlden, Mary M,Reilly, Andrea,Cortese
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025-07-11
pmid:40645757
A case report of oculopharyngodistal myopathy with 126 CGG repeat expansions in
Wenjing,Wang, Tielun,Yin, Xinyu,Zhang, Zhaoxia,Wang, Tianyun,Wang, Shuo,Zhang, Yingshuang,Zhang, Dongsheng,Fan
Frontiers in genetics · 2025-02-27
pmid:40084170
Heat-shock chaperone HSPB1 mitigates poly-glycine-induced neurodegeneration via restoration of autophagic flux.
Ning,Ding, Yijie,Song, Yuhang,Zhang, Wei,Yu, Xinnan,Li, Wei,Li, Lei,Li
Autophagy · 2025-02-25
pmid:39936620
dmTGS: Precise Targeted Enrichment Long-Read Sequencing Panel for Tandem Repeat Detection.
Kang,Yang, Yue,Liu, Ji,Zhang, Qian,Yu, Feng,Xu, Jiyuan,Liu, Yuting,Li, Xiaojie,Zhang, Zhiqiang,Wang, Ning,Wang, Yuezhen,Li, Yan,Shi, Wan-Jin,Chen
Clinical chemistry · 2025-02-03
pmid:39492694
Sequential development of parkinsonism in two patients with oculopharyngodistal type myopathy in GIPC1-related repeat expansion disorder.
Aki,Murayama, Utako,Nagaoka, Keizo,Sugaya, Rui,Shimazaki, Kazuhito,Miyamoto, Shiro,Matsubara, Masashi,Ogasawara, Aritoshi,Iida, Ichizo,Nishino, Kazushi,Takahashi
Neuromuscular disorders : NMD · 2024-09-27
pmid:39418922
Linking LRP12 CGG repeat expansion to inherited peripheral neuropathy.
Takahiro,Hobara, Masahiro,Ando, Yujiro,Higuchi, Jun-Hui,Yuan, Akiko,Yoshimura, Fumikazu,Kojima, Yutaka,Noguchi, Jun,Takei, Yu,Hiramatsu, Satoshi,Nozuma, Tomonori,Nakamura, Tadashi,Adachi, Keiko,Toyooka, Toru,Yamashita, Yusuke,Sakiyama, Akihiro,Hashiguchi, Eiji,Matsuura, Yuji,Okamoto, Hiroshi,Takashima
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025-01-16
pmid:39013564
Identifying unstable CNG repeat loci in the human genome: a heuristic approach and implications for neurological disorders.
Varun,Suroliya, Bharathram,Uppili, Manish,Kumar, Vineet,Jha, Achal K,Srivastava, Mohammed,Faruq
Human genome variation · 2024-06-13
pmid:38871700
Non-coding CGG repeat expansion in
Xinyu,Gu, Jiaxi,Yu, Kexin,Jiao, Jianwen,Deng, Xingyu,Xia, Kai,Qiao, Dongyue,Yue, Mingshi,Gao, Chongbo,Zhao, Jihong,Dong, Gongchun,Huang, Jingli,Shan, Chuanzhu,Yan, Li,Di, Yuwei,Da, Wenhua,Zhu, Jianying,Xi, Zhaoxia,Wang
Journal of medical genetics · 2024-03-21
pmid:37923380